Liberation Theology And The Cultural Destruction Of Third...

Born as a protest and uprising against the oppression and cultural destruction of third world countries, liberation theology is a method of Catholic teaching in which people are liberated from their oppressors. Liberation theology’s roots stem in Latin America, where there was need for salvation and redemption of the faith. The 1960s were a time of worldwide human development, and even the Roman Catholic Church was involved. Without liberation theology, the church would have never seen a need for change and reformation. Liberation theology applies modern happenings to the religious world, and offers solutions for these modern problems. During the 15th century, Spanish and Portuguese conquistadors came to the Americas with the mission of dominating and evangelizing the land in the name of their home countries. When the European churches came to America they wanted to spread the faith, however in doing so they took away the faith and cultures of the Native Amerindians that were living there from the start. By the 20th century, it was clear that the people native to the Americas needed salvation from the corrupt political and social systems they were living in. Forced into oppression by the political leaders of Latin America, the majority of people in these countries were used and exploited in order for the upper class to benefit and make money off of them. Spanish and Portuguese conquerors viewed themselves as people who were selected by God to spread the faith. â€Å"JusShow MoreRelatedWater Scarcity Is An Environmental Problem That Reaches1446 Words   |  6 Pagesglobe. This lack of water is called the World Wat er Crisis. In the U.S, people are privileged enough to be able to use clean water for many things. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,Read MoreAn Analysis of Terrorism Essay9824 Words   |  40 PagesAn Analysis of Terrorism On September 11, 2001, every person was stunned with the earth shaking news that the World Trade Center (WTC), the highest building in the world was attacked by terrorist. This was done by hi-jacking two commercial airplanes which plowed the two famous sites. More than 5,000 American was feared dead. This was the most recent and most devastating terrorist act that brought terrorism into the timelight. Terrorism is a term of uncertain legal content. The term itselfRead MoreWorld Religion5936 Words   |  24 Pagesfound in the same religious tradition. 3. As described in the Second Pattern of religion discuss briefly the ways one can view the world and life. 4. Discuss some of the questions raised by the Third Pattern of religion as religion interprets male and female roles? Group C 1. Discuss the approaches of at least three disciplines to religion (psychology, mythology, theology, the arts, anthropology or comparative religion). 2. Describe the shifting approaches and concerns in the evolution of comparativeRead MoreIslamic and Christianity Essay13431 Words   |  54 Pagesstudent’s essay on the rating sheet provided, not directly on the student’s essay or answer sheet. The rater should not correct the student’s work by making insertions or changes of any kind. (3) Each essay must be rated by at least two raters; a third rater will be necessary to resolve scores that differ by more than one point. Rating the Scaffold (open-ended) Questions (1) Follow a similar procedure for training raters. (2) The scaffold questions need only be scored by one rater. (3) The scores

Cause and Effect in Economics Free Essays

Organizing An Essay Often student writers are taught short-term solutions to the problem of organizing an essay. The most common short-term essay is the â€Å"five-paragraph essay† format. The five-paragraph essay uses the following organization: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect in Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction–Background and thesis 2. First Body Paragraph–The first reason why the thesis is true 3. Second Body Paragraph–The second reason why the thesis is true 4. Third Body Paragraph–The third reason why the thesis is true 5. Conclusion–Recap of essay It is important to understand that the five-paragraph essay is not necessarily bad. However, most student writers are led to believe or falsely believe that all essays must follow the five-paragraph essay format. Just a little thought makes clear that format is very limiting and limited and does not provide an adequate organization for many types of writing assignments. That is why I have crossed-out the description of the five-paragraph essay, so that you won’t make the mistake of thinking that it is the best way to organize your essays. Instead, student writers should see that the form of an essay (its organization) needs to match the purpose of the essay. To begin with, we should look at one of the most common tasks student writers are asked to perform and the one of the organizational strategies effective for this task. Explaining Cause and Effect Often writers are asked to explain how certain conditions or events are related to the occurrence of other conditions or events. When a writer argues that â€Å"one thing leads to another,† he or she is making a cause-and-effect argument. For example, in an Economics class, students might be asked to explain the impact of increasing oil prices on the nation’s economy. Inherent in the question is the assumption that increasing oil prices is a cause, which produces specific effects in the rest of the economy. So, higher oil prices produce higher gasoline prices raising the cost of shipping goods. Higher oil prices produce higher jet fuel costs raising the cost of travel, and so on. Higher oil prices† is the cause, and increased shipping costs and travel expenses are among the effects. Writing tasks involving cause and effect analysis usually take one of two forms: explaining how a known cause produces specific effects; explaining how specific effects are produced by a previously unknown cause (which the writer has discovered). The second type of analysis is commonly referred to as root-cause analysis. The first type of analysis is what the technology and privacy topic requires. To argue that certain conditions will lead to other conditions (that the loss of privacy will lead to something else), first the writer needs to define clearly what those conditions are, and then the writer needs to make clear how those conditions lead to other conditions. Finally, the writer needs to explain what this cause-and-effect relationship means. This type of essay then has five parts (not paragraphs! ), with each part corresponding to a specific task the writer needs to perform, and each part consisting of one or more paragraphs. Essay Part| Scope| Purpose (not all necessary for every essay)| Introduction| General| * Background for the topic * Setting out the issues * Focusing the argument—the purpose of the essay| Description of the â€Å"Cause†| Begins general; becomes increasingly specific| * What the specific conditions are * Specific illustrations of these conditions * How these specific illustrations are representative of (can stand in for) other situations In this first part of the analysis, the writer needs to provide enough detail for the reader so the reader can understand the present situation. In addition, the writer needs to focus the description of the situation in such a way as to prepare for the â€Å"effect† that the writer is arguing for. For example, if the writer wants to argue that the loss of privacy has led to (or will lead to) a loss of individual freedom, then the description of how technology affects our privacy should focus on technologies that affect an individual’s freedom to act. Description of the â€Å"Effect†| Begins general; becomes increasingly specific| * What the specific effect is (or effects are) * How we get from the specific conditions to the specific effects * Specific illustrations of these effects * How these specific illustrations are representative of (can stand in for) othersIn this second part of the analysis, the writer needs to walk the reader through the logical steps the writer has used to move from cause to effect. For example, if the writer rgues that loss of privacy leads to loss of individual freedom, the wri ter needs to explain carefully how privacy and freedom are linked. So perhaps the writer might claim that privacy allows an individual to be free from the observation of others. With our privacy becoming increasingly limited by surveillance, we are no longer free from the observation of others. If we believe that we are always being watched, we will probably change our behavior and be less willing to take chances or act independently. If we feel we cannot act independently then we are no longer free. | Explanation of the meaning of the cause-and-effect relationship| More General| * Why this analysis is important * How we might act upon the ideas the writer has presentedIn this third part of the analysis, the writer argues for the importance of the argument’s findings, often by putting in perspective the short-term or long-term consequences of the â€Å"effect. † In addition, in this part the writer usually makes some sort of recommendation (what we should do). So if the writer is arguing that loss of privacy leads to loss of freedom, in this part the writer might speculate one what might happen if this trend towards further loss of privacy continues. In addition, the writer might describe some of the specific actions we can take to safeguard our existing privacy, or how legislation might provide such safeguards. | Conclusion| General| * Summing up * How our understanding of the larger issue might be changed by the writer’s analysis * Appeal to the reader—how this situation affects us| How to cite Cause and Effect in Economics, Papers

Journalism New York Times

Question: Discuss about the Journalismfor New York Times. Answer: The essay focuses on the two aspects of journalism. The essay will describe two chapters of journalism along with the examples from realities. Both the implication of theoretical framework in the real life media are described in the essay. Different concepts about the origin of journalism to the modern use of journalism are explained in a detailed manner. In the chapter 1 of the book, journalism is defined for the citizens of the country and for the democracy of the country. However, the purpose of journalism is providing information to the citizens of the country while they are self-governing and free. Author in the first chapter has stated that in the 17th century, journalism has emerged (Lasorsa, Lewis, and Holton 21). At that time, journalism did not attempt all categories of people. Later in America, journalism had spread in pubs, coffee houses, pubs and in political houses. There are two theories of journalism such as journalists theory of Democracy and theory of Interlocking public. In the electronic age, the theory of interlocking public is followed i.e. reaction of public is more important on the content of the news that is being posted in the media (Kovach and Rosenstiel 24). For instance, New York Times is a popular newspaper that deals into all categories of news that attracts people on reading it. On the other hand, it al so focuses on the reaction of the readers of the paper. The post of the attack of Bin Laden on the World Trade Center is a sensitive issue that will blow the minds of the readers of the topic (Friend and Jane 35). Third chapter of the book describes about the proper audiences of the journalists. The journalists have to think for the public first i.e. the loyalty of the citizens then towards another commitment. Many issues are regularly occurred in the world of media and journalism. The public thought that journalists usually exaggerate things in the media. Certain instances are responsible for the creation of this illusion in the minds of the audiences. Many journalists have concentrated on the news content irrespective of the consent of the citizens (Kovach and Rosenstiel 73). It will not work until the citizens are not highlighted. Hence the owner of the companies nowadays are committed to the citizens first and are hiring managers who will put the general mass as the first priority. Clear standards have to be set then it has to be conveyed in the general mass. For instance, media channels in television use public interactions for increasing the TRP and popularity of the channel among the ta rget customers. In Tucson, Forrest Carr of KGUN TV has broadcasted Viewers Bill of Rights that will increase the engagement of people (Hermida 661). Journalism is a concept that is created for the citizens of the countries of the world. The main purpose of journalism is to portray the realities of the societies to the people via media. However, it can be seen that in modern world, the purpose of journalism is exaggerated, but it can be controlled by the theoretical concepts explained in the two chapters of the book. References Friend, Cecilia, and Jane Singer.Online journalism ethics: Traditions and transitions. Routledge, 2015. Hermida, Alfred. "Tweets and truth: Journalism as a discipline of collaborative verification."Journalism Practice6.5-6 (2012): 659-668. Kovach Bill. and Rosenstiel Tom. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. Crown, 2014. Lasorsa, Dominic L., Seth C. Lewis, and Avery E. Holton. "Normalizing Twitter: Journalism practice in an emerging communication space."Journalism studies13.1 (2012): 19-36.

MBA Sample Essay - Influences to Pursue an MBA

Please discuss the factors, both professional and personal, influencing the career decisions you have made that, in turn, have led you to your current position. What are your career goals for the future, and why is now the appropriate time to pursue an MBA at Name? How will you avail yourself of the resources at NAME to achieve these goals?Turkish news nowadays carry vivid images which have become terrifyingly commonplace: the surface of the sea littered with dead sheep; a landfill explosion leading to a number of deaths; vendors offering radiation-contaminated tea for half-price; a little girls death resulting from her fall through an open sewage manhole in her schoolyard; radioactive waste sold to unsuspecting scrap dealers; a twenty-year-old tanker breaking into pieces, spilling hundreds of tons of crude oil into the ocean and killing sea life all around.The frequency with which these environmental disasters fill Turkish news broadcasts—along with the obvious insensitivity of the authorities towards both environment and health issues—prompted me to learn about ways to prevent these types of disasters. At the age of fifteen, I decided to focus my studies on environmental sciences in order to equip myself with the technical tools I would need to make a real contribution.After earning a Masters degree in environmental sciences, I completed a professional international management certificate program in order to gain a management perspective of the field. I then realized that, in order to effectively combine my technical knowledge and management skills, I needed to accumulate real-world experience. Specifically, working at a large company would allow me to develop insight into various industries, as well as an overarching vision of the international business arena.I have now worked for nearly two years in the energy and environment group of Koc Holding, Turkeys first and biggest diversified conglomerate. As a project engineer, I am mainly responsibl e for our holding companies environment and energy sector investments. This position has given me the opportunity to interact with businessmen from all over the world, thereby expanding my international perspective. Because of my outstanding work performance, I was chosen to attend various meetings with local and international governmental bodies such as OPIC, IFC, and the World Bank. It is highly unusual for a young associate to represent the company at such events, and my self-confidence—as well as my management skills—was further enhanced by that successful experience.While working in various business lines, including the automotive industry, consumer durables, and the energy sector, I have realized that the root cause of many environmental problems is financial. I believe that many people in the environmental sector are so ignorant or insensitive that they will cheat customers to increase profits. Furthermore, businesses do not prioritize environmental investments; as a result, insufficient funds are allocated to adequately prevent problems. For instance, despite a population over eight million people, Istanbul—Turkeys largest city—still lacks a properly operating sewage system. In most of the areas of the city, waste water is discharged directly into the Bosphorus.In the long term, I hope to help solve my countrys problems by starting my own environmental-services business in Turkey. The company will serve both local and international customers by providing cost-effective, adaptable solutions ranging from waste management to safety management. In order to accomplish this goal, however, I must deepen my knowledge of the field. Despite my experience, I still lack some important knowledge and management skills, especially in finance, marketing, and entrepreneurship. I am also aware that my knowledge of American environmental issues is insufficient. Since dealing with aspects of international business will be an integral part of my job as an entrepreneur, it is essential that I fill in these gaps.The NAME Schools MBA program is the perfect bridge from where I am to where I want to be. I am attracted by the inventiveness and uniqueness of its entrepreneurial and finance programs, and believe that I will increase my practical knowledge of entrepreneurship by interacting with my classmates. I value the fact that at NAME entrepreneurial education does not stop at the classroom, but rather continues through internships and extracurricular activities. I feel that a business school for entrepreneurs should balance a dose of theory with real-world application, and NAMEs curriculum and hands-on experiences through associations, internships, and the management field study provide such balance.I am also drawn to NAME because of the schools emphasis on teamwork and technology, reflected by such exciting courses and programs as High Technology Entrepreneurship, International Finance, 12-week field application projects, an d the global immersion program directed to teach global thinking and global action. Additionally, the schools profusion of student groups and its flexible entrepreneurial program—with electives from 200 courses—will allow me to tailor my course of study directly to my career interests. It is precisely this flexibility that I plan to draw on while at NAME and beyond, by taking advantage of (and contributing to) the schools strong international alumni network.Above all, a NAME MBA will help me strengthen both the finance knowledge and the entrepreneurial skills necessary to secure a position as an environmental specialist in a multinational American-based firm. Such a position, in turn, will prepare me to accomplish my long-term ambition of building my own company. By developing and maximizing the technical knowledge and managerial skills I have already accumulated, NAME will allow me to ultimately make a concrete and substantial contribution to Turkeys environment.

Was Hitlers Rise To Power Between 1929 And Jan 1933 Inevitable Essay Example

Was Hitlers Rise To Power Between 1929 And Jan 1933 Inevitable Essay Example Was Hitlers Rise To Power Between 1929 And Jan 1933 Inevitable Paper Was Hitlers Rise To Power Between 1929 And Jan 1933 Inevitable Paper Essay Topic: History There were many reasons why Hitler was able to take power in 1933. The short term reasons were after 1929. The economic crisis and instability in Germany was a main reason why he was able to gain power. The weakness of the opposition made it easier for him to gain power also this opposition would not join and form a coalition government. After the death of Stressemann and later Hindenburg, it was much easier for Hitler to obtain political power. Germany was unstable at the time and after the formation of the Weimar republic, the constitution became weak the constitution also had a number of key flaws in it too. For instance allowing the chancellor to stop democratic voting and perspone it as long as he or she wanted and he or she could make a decision without putting it through the courts if he or she felt it was important enough. Also it included proportional representation which meant that it was near to impossible to get a larger number of seats over everyone else put together thus you had to form a coalition government which resulted in weak leadership and government. The Weimar republic was successful for some time but people always felt resentment towards the republic due to the Long-term implications of the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles. The reparations that Germany had to pay through the Treaty meant that it was in economic crisis. This helped to cause weakness in the democracy and although the Weimar Republic did have a period of recovery between 1924 and 1929 the death of Stresseman and the Wall Street Crash helped to bring it down again. The republic was weak because of all the reasons stated above. Crises in countries do happen as they did in Germany but the government has to be able to survive. If it cant survive it leaves the way open for people like Hitler to work their way to power. The German people didnt want communism, which was the other option so they turned to Nazism, as it was the only alternative to a moderate government which always lost votes in a depression or time of crisis. This is because when a country is prosperous they have no need for any extremism to change the country dramatically, and in times of crisis they need to because in general in order to get prosperity back an extreme change is needed. The middle classes feared communism because since they had established themselves from the lower or working classes, they now had a small amount of money and power in the world. They believed that economic and social chaos would move their positions about radically. They thought that the Communists would bring about this and by would drag them back down the ladder. Albert Speer, after seeing Hitler for the first time in 1931 said, Here it seemed to me was hope. The perils of Communism could be checked, Hitler persuaded us, and instead of hopeless unemployment, Germany could move towards economic recovery. The Wall Street crash had introduced mass unemployment to Germany and it had also caused poverty. Hitler promised to the people that he would do everything to make Germany recover from this unemployment and to also gain Germany prosperity and economic stability. After hyperinflation had occurred shortly after the end of the First World War the German people wanted economic stability to be able to feel safe again and the Nazi party finally offered this several years later with a legitimate claim to doing it or so the masses believed. The Weimar republic had alienated the middle classes through hyperinflation as they were not compensated after they lost everything. The government made the decision under the social democrats to print millions of bank notes, this was when Germany was in economic crisis and it was to try to try to solve the problem. However the notes became worthless and so more and more had to printed. The value of the mark on the stock exchange became almost worthless and savings that were once worth a good deal became worth hardly anything. So the middle classes voted for the Nazis, this was to get rid of the Weimar republic and democracy as it didnt seem to benefit them. Germany had a long militaristic, autocratic and authoritarian tradition. Hitler carried this on but the Weimar republic didnt, thus the people felt a strong urge to vote for the Nazis as it was more like the Germany they remembered that was prosperous. The Germans failed to develop their democracy to enable it to succeed instead they carried on their strong state led by a powerful leader. The natural even inevitable leader at this time was Hitler. He used the Brownshirts to parade in the streets and be on display; this was to show the militaristic side. Although still many people did not want a war at least it showed that Germany once again may be strong. He wore uniform when speaking to the people this showed that he was not above everyone but that he was a leader that really was going to act and not just think. He used a symbol, the swastika, to signify his party. He based his party on and used propaganda to promote the authoritarian foundations that he intended for Germany, much of this propaganda was thought up by Josef Goebbels who became a key figure in the Nazis party later. The democracy of the Weimar Republic was built upon weak foundations among the defeat of the First World War so this allows Hitler to reinforce his authoritarian ideas especially since Hitler was against democracy. Hitler was very politically skilled; he used dualism in the Reichstag to play his opponents off against each other. Despite the Nazis being revolutionary, they did eventually come to power using constitutional (they were elected they did not take power by force) methods. Hitler was not satisfied with the amount of power he was allowed because of the limitations of the constitution. He disliked the existence of other opposition parties. Thus he decided to use his political skills to eliminate the opponents that gathered in the Reichstag fire in February 1933. This provided apparent crisis for the Nazis at the time, however, it is now said that van der Lubbe, the Dutch communist really did commit the crime. The Nazis just used this coincidence to their advantage. It apparently showed that there was communist threat and the Nazi propaganda reflected this threat this ensured that the German people knew about this. This would allow Hitler to arrest the communist leaders with the support of the public. This gave the Government a legitimate reason to arrest the communists. They had to stop Germany falling into a communist anarchy and the only way to do it was to search them and their party headquarters and arrest them. The Enabling Act was thought of as a good idea to almost anybody accept by the SPD. This enabling act gave full legislative power to Hitler, the Chancellor, for four years. Before these four years ended Hitler had decided to abolish the parties and people in a position to enforce the limits on his power. A law was formed called the Law against the New formation of parties this stated that all parties except the Nazi party were illegal. Parties such as the Centre party dissolved themselves and allowed Hitler to take control, accepting the Nazi dictatorship. Germany did have an alternative was these two untiting, however as the SPD and the KPD wouldnt unite to fight the common enemy they could not help to overcome Hitler. If they had done this they could have outvoted Hitler in the Reichstag. At no time in his political career did Hitler and the Nazi party have an overall majority in the Reichstag they always had to form a coalition. The Nazis had 43. 9% of the votes in the 1933 elections this was very close to a majority. However they had been influenced as the Nazis party was literally forcing people to vote for them. They joined with the Nationalist party to gain 51. 8% of the votes, this only just allowed them to have a majority. Most of the people who were voting didnt vote for the Nazis Party in the elections despite Hitler having Chancellorship and having power he still didnt manage to gain an overall majority in the Reichstag. Only did the people accept any of this because it was in a time of such crisis. The fact that the German people were so afraid of communism (the anti-Communist hysteria) meant that Hitler could exploit this to gain his power. After passing the policy to ban the formation of new parties he managed to persuade the existing parties to disband and threw the SPD and KPD into prison as enemies of the state. The most important reason for Hitler coming to power was the First World War. This is because it supplied many other reasons in one. The First World War created ideas that were foundations of Hitlers ideas. Eventually this led to a dictatorship in Germany and another World War. The non co-operation of the opposition to unite and stop him meant that he was allowed to rise to power quite successfully and easily. The eventual collapse of the Republic left the way open for Hitler. He came forward and took power successfully. As a strong leader was needed to get Germany back on its feet this was just what they needed to start with. The militaristic traditions in Germany was a long-term reason for Hitler being able to gain power as was the Treaty of Versailles and the First World war this was because they were ultimately the start of the problems Germany was facing. Allowing Hitler to gain control and then create a dictatorship. The fear of Communism was quite Long-term but this feeling grew stronger through Hitlers propaganda and his hatred of Communists. The Weimar republic was weak to start with and under all the stress it grew weaker progressively. Hitler used this to gain power, when it failed, he picked up the pieces afterwards and rebuilt Germany. Hitlers ideas were reinforced when it failed; the people were more even more willing to turn to Nazism. They could now see how democracy had treated Germany; it did not treat anybody favourably. Germany was weak in many ways at this time and Hitler took advantage of this weakness to gain power for himself.

How to Form Subject and Object Questions in English

How to Form Subject and Object Questions in English The following rules apply to question formation in English. While a number of more advanced ways to form questions in English exist, simple English questions always follow these rules. Generally speaking, there are two types of questions: object  questions and subject questions. Object questions   Object questions are the most common types of questions in English. Object questions ask when, where, why, how, and if someone does something: Where do you live?Did you go shopping yesterday?When are they going to arrive next week? Subject questions Subject questions ask who or which person or object does something: Who lives there?Which car has the best safety features?Who bought that house? Auxiliary Verbs in Object Questions All tenses in English use auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are always placed before the subject in subject  questions in English, with the main form of the verb being placed after the subject.   Yes/No questions begin with the auxiliary verb: Auxiliary Verb Subject Main Verb Do you study French? Information questions begin with question words such as where, when, why, or how. How often did you visit Paris when you lived in France?How long have you lived here? Auxiliary Verbs  in Subject Questions Auxiliary verbs are placed after question words who, which, which kind of, and which type of in object questions. Drop the helping verb for present simple and past simple, as in positive sentences: Who/Which (kind of/type of) Auxiliary Verb Main Verb Which type of food provides the best nutrition?Who is going to speak at the conference next week?What type of company employs thousands of people? Finally, subject questions generally use simple tenses such as present simple, past simple and future simple. Object Questions Focus  on Tenses While its possible to form subject questions in each tense, the following examples focus on the use of object questions in a variety of tenses, as they are much more common. Present Simple/Past Simple/Future Simple   Use the auxiliary verb do/does for present simple questions and did for past simple questions plus the base form of the verb. Present Simple Where do they live?Do you play tennis?Does she go to your school? Past Simple When did you have lunch yesterday?Did they buy a new car last week?How did she do on the exam last month? Future Simple When will she visit us next?Where will you stay when you get there?What will we do?! Present Continuous/Past Continuous/Future Continuous Use the auxiliary verb is/are for present continuous questions and was/were for past continuous questions plus the present participle or ing form of the verb. Present Continuous What are you doing?Is she watching TV?Where are they playing tennis? Past Continuous What were you doing at six p.m.?What was she cooking when you came home?Were they studying when you walked into their room? Future Continuous What will you be doing next week at this time?What will she be speaking about?Will they be staying with you? Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Future Perfect Use the auxiliary verb have/has for present perfect questions and had for past perfect questions plus the past participle. Present Perfect Where has she gone?How long have they lived here?Have you visited France? Past Perfect Had they eaten before he arrived?What had they done that made him so angry?Where had you left the briefcase? Future Perfect Will they have finished the project by tomorrow?How much time will you have spent reading that book?When will I have completed my studies?! Exceptions to the Rule - To Be - Present Simple and Past Simple The verb to be takes no auxiliary verb in the present simple and past simple question form. In this case, place the verb to be before the subject to ask a question. To Be Present Simple Is she here?Are you married?Where am I? To Be Past Simple Were they at school yesterday?Where were they?Was she at school? This is the basic structure of all questions in English. There are, however, exceptions to these rules as well as other structures. Once you understand this basic structure, its also important to  continue learning about how to use indirect questions  and  tag questions.   Remember that questions are one of three forms for each sentence. There is always a positive, negative and question form for each sentence. Study your verb forms and youll be able to easily use each of these tenses to have conversations and ask questions effectively.

Abortion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Abortion - Research Paper Example Abortion is such an issue that carries two viewpoints encompassing choice and life. Life is present in the fetus right from the moment of conception, a fetus, or human embryo is considered to be a living individual. Due to the act of abortion, the individual is divested from the survival and hence abortion is considered to an act of murder. The view is supported by the Catholic Church, considering the responsibility to prevent every individual (Web. "Ethics of Abortion: Is it Moral or Immoral to Have an Abortion"). On the contrary, decision to give birth to the young one is the right of mother and there should not be any interventions, she has the responsibility of upbringing of the child. History reveals that abortion has always been a contemporary issue; the issue was prevalent even before the birth of Christ. Some traditional methods were prevalent to kill the unwanted fetus; it was a legal as well as political concern. Plato (428- 347 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC) maintained the outlook of abortion (Roos). Abortion has been debated over the years on the political grounds to make a law in order to regard it as a murder or it should be left as a permissible issue leaving on the choice of the women. However, it cannot be denied that law must not legislate transience, the laws must be made for good and should be in the favor of women (Web. "Fetus, Humanity, Personhood: When Does a Fetus Become a Human Person with Rights"). Debates related to abortion encompass the lawful eminence related to the fetus. Considering fetus as an individual, abortion is equivalent to the murder and therefore abortion is an illegitimate act. On the other hand, needful to understand that fetus is the part of womens body and any state cannot compel a woman to continue with the pregnancy if the woman is not willing to maintain it to the complete term. Thus, it should be an ethical choice and

Discuss Steps The U.S Government can take to reduce oil consumption in Research Paper

Discuss Steps The U.S Government can take to reduce oil consumption in the United States - Research Paper Example The United States is a highly developed country and also a high consumer of petroleum and allied products to meet its energy requirements. The major sectors that use these products are transportation on land, air and sea, heating of buildings, various manufacturing industries, domestic appliances such as lawn movers, generators, etc. Traditionally since colonization of the continent, the US has been dependent on Natural non-renewable resources such wood, coal, natural gas, petroleum, etc. The volume of consumption as varied over time, being high in the earlier decades due to various reasons such as perceived abundance, comparatively less efficient machines, automobiles, etc., affordability and a lifestyle that did not lay the required emphasis on judicial use of these resources with the idea of conservation, impact on environment, etc. largely due to ignorance and poor awareness of such issues. Before we look at the methods for energy conservation, let us briefly understand the various sectors that are consumers of energy. (Overview, U.S. EIA, 2012) The different sectors that are essential consumers of power and fuel are Industrial, Transport, Business & Commercial and Domestic sectors. In the light of the above, we will now explore and discuss the various alternatives especially in the Natural and Renewable energy sources and also enumerate the various ways in which energy consumption itself (irrespective of the source) can be reduced in the larger interest of minimizing the global impact on the environment, its harmful effects and resultant climate change. (Cleetus, R. et.al., 2009; Greene, D.L., 2011) The United States is by far the largest consumer of oil in the world at 20.6 million barrels per day (EIA, 2007), 60 per cent of which is imported. Of this, two-thirds is consumed by the Transport sector and ~44% by other

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Essay Example for Free

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Essay The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (abbreviated USSR), otherwise called the Soviet Union, was a constitutionally-based socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. It emerged from the Russian Empire after 1917 Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War that occurred from 1918–1921; the USSR emerged as a union of several Soviet republics. The geographical boundaries of the USSR varied with time; however, the last territorial conglomerations of the Baltic states, eastern Poland, Bessarabia, and other territories within the region during World War II, from 1945 until dissolution the boundaries approximately included those of late Imperial Russia, with the notable exclusions of Poland, most of Finland, and Alaska. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the United States of America were the two contending world superpowers that dominated the global agenda of various economic policy, cultural exchange, foreign affairs, military operations, advancements in science and technology, space technology and sports. Soviet propaganda was not known for its intricacy. Citizens of the USSR saw the agenda as stern and authoritarian in conformity to the foundational policies it stood for. Even the buildings were designed to nuisance and imposing. It was difficult to reminisce of happy childhood memories. Despite the tough policies of the Party, a new wave of nostalgia for Communist times surfaced in Russia. Apparently, time has glossed over memories of Soviet hardships, giving way to warm and fuzzy feelings for times of old. This is confirmed by the study by the Yuri Levada Analytical Center, Russias most widely-respected polling agency; 67 percent of Russians say they regret the fall of the USSR. The ultimate experience in over-the-top state promotion: the Soviet theme park is known by its Russian initials, VDNKh, it is a case study in architecture as propaganda on the outskirts of Moscow. VDNKh is a monstrous 578-acre park in northwest Moscow, (accessible via the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya metro line). It houses more than 80 pavilions and monuments originally designed to showcase the achievements of the USSR. Each one is devoted to a specific aspect of the Soviet Union: agriculture, economics, science, industry and hunting, to name a few. And of course, theres the cosmonaut pavilion. The place is a theme park of ideology, a carnival of communism. VDNKh was designed solely to boost the glory of the State. Welcome to Soviet Disneyland. The years following the Empires collapse saw a knee-jerk purge of all things Soviet from public spaces: streets were renamed, commemorative plaques were defaced, and hundreds of statues were torn down. Indeed, VNDKh is one of the few bastions of the Soviet State left those generations too young to remember the Empire can visit. For them, VDNKh must function as a kind of surreal testament to the entirely different world they would have lived in, had they only been born some years earlier. For tourists, its an intriguing chance to encounter the onetime showpiece of the Soviet Union. For older Russians, its either a source of nostalgia or simply an eyesore. A walk through VDNKh provokes a deep sense of irony. The city of Moscow, lacking the funds to either tear down or reconfigure the site, has rented out the space inside the buildings to dealers of cheap electronics, furniture, toys, clothing and even handguns. The site now functions as a gigantic marketplace for goods of every description. None of the exterior facades or monuments has been removed. Buildings topped with nine-foot-tall bronze hammers and sickles are now makeshift bazaars where shady dealers peddle cheap Chinese electronics. Here, at the former epicenter of all things Communist, capitalism mushrooms. But thats old news. New thinking is taking root. According to a number of writers, Russians have been slowly redressing their attitudes towards their country, its economy and the plight of the ordinary Russian. The frenzied fetish for all things Western that swept the nation during the decade following the fall of the USSR seems to have dropped off, replaced by a new reverence for the old system. For many, nostalgia for the Soviet era goes deeper than memorabilia and public monuments. A growing number of Russians pine for a return to red ideology. According to French journalist Jean-Marie Chauvier, Russians are jaded by the fact that most are worse off now then they were under communism, as the country is now run by a core of private oligarchs. Neo-Communist political parties have repeatedly tried to pounce on this. Glossing over the gulags, censorship and bread lines of the old system, they call for a return to the guaranteed security of Communist days. More and more people are listening. A trip to VDNKh illuminates this new wave of thinking. Its been 70 years since the place was built, and more than a decade since it was used as intended. As a free-wheeling market, kitsch and nostalgia replace reverence and fear as the dominant feelings in the place. Now that its little more than a bazaar where anything goes, its easy to forget old atrocities and wish to return to a rosier past. The same goes; it seems, for Russia herself. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (born on December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. Through his writings, he made the world aware of the Gulag, the Soviet labor camp system, and, for these efforts, Solzhenitsyn was awarded both the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 and exiled from the Soviet Union in 1974. He returned to Russia in 1994. In 1994, he was elected as a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in the Department of Language and Literature. He is the father of Ignat Solzhenitsyn, a well-known conductor and pianist. In his work Solzhenitsyn continues the realistic tradition of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy and complements it with his views concerning the flaws of both East and West. Throughout the 1960s and 70s he produced a number of major novels based upon his own experiences of Soviet prisons and hospital life under the communist dictator Joseph Stalin. Later in his life Solzhenitsyn saw that his primary mission was to rewrite the Russian history of the revolutionary period in the multivolume work The Red Wheel (1983-1991). At the age of 42, Solzhenitsy had written a great deal secretly, but published nothing. After Nikita Khrushchev had publicly condemned the cult of personality an attack on Stalins heritage the political censorship loosened its tight grip. Solzhenitsyns first book, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, appeared the following year in the leading Soviet literary journal Novyi Mir. It marks the beginning of Soviet prison-camp literature. Solzhenitsyn uses third-person direct speech to examine Soviet life through the eyes of a simple Everyman. Written in a direct style, it describes the horrors of just one day in a labor camp. The book found success both in the USSR and the West, and was compared with Fedor Dostoyevskys novel House of the Dead. When they announced on the radio that some new machine had been invented, I heard Matryona grumbling out in the kitchen, New ones all the time, nothing but new ones. People dont want to work with the old ones any more, where are we going to store them all? (From Matryonas Home, 1963) Historical views During his years in the west, Solzhenitsyn was very active in the historical debate, discussing the history of Russia, the Soviet Union and communism. He tried to correct what he considered to be western misconceptions. Communism, Russia and nationalism It is a popular view that the October revolution of 1917 resulting in a violent totalitarian regime was closely connected to Russias earlier history of tsarism and culture, especially that of Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great. Solzhenitsyn claims that this is fundamentally wrong and has famously denounced the work of Richard Pipes as the Polish version of Russian history. Solzhenitsyn argues that Tsarist Russia did not have the same violent tendencies as the Soviet Union. For instance, in Solzhenitsyns view, Imperial Russia did not practice censorship; political prisoners were not forced into labor camps and in Tsarist Russia numbered only one ten-thousandth of those in the Soviet Union; the Tsars secret service was only present in the three largest cities, and not at all in the army. The violence of the Communist regime was in no way comparable to the lesser violence of the tsars. Instead of blaming Russian conditions, he blamed the teachings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, arguing that Marxism itself is violent. His conclusion is that Communism will always be totalitarian and violent, wherever it is practiced. There was nothing special in the Russian conditions that affected the outcome. He also criticized the view that the Soviet Union was Russian in any way. He argued that Communism was international and only cared for nationalism as a tool to use when getting into power, or for fooling the people. Once in power, Communism tried to wipe clean every nation, destroying its culture and oppressing its people. According to Solzhenitsyn, the Russian culture and people were not the ruling national culture in the Soviet Union. In fact, there was no ruling national culture. All national cultures were oppressed in favor of an atheistic Soviet culture. In Solzhenitsyns opinion, Russian culture was even more oppressed than the smaller minority cultures, since the regime was less afraid of ethnic uprisings among these. Therefore, Russian nationalism and the Orthodox Church should not be regarded as a threat by the west, but rather as allies that should be encouraged Minor Works Solzhenitsyn published two anti-Stalinist short stories in the January 1963 issue of Novy Mir: Incident at Krechetovka Station and â€Å"Matryona’s House. The first told of a military commandant of a railroad station in World War II who denounced a seemingly innocent man to the secret police and later regretted it. The second told of the struggle for survival of a poor and unassuming peasant woman. In summer 1963 Solzhenitsyn published another story in Novy Mir, For the Good of the Cause, which tells in ironic terms a tale of Khrushchevan bureaucrats acting in the manner of junior Stalins. REFERENCE: Old USSR Posters about Stalin and Soviet people (from 30th) http://www.pbs.org/redfiles/prop/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn http://www.flakmag.com/features/vdnkh.html http://www.litweb.net/biography/358/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn.html

No Romance Found in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

No Romance Found in Young Goodman Brown      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne, in his short story, "Young Goodman Brown", generates a relationship in direct contrast with that of a true romance among the roles of Faith and Young Goodman Brown.   Whereas, a true romance is the ideal romance, exhibiting   virtuous aspects such as trust, as well as a burning passion and an undying love for one another.   The relationship which Young Goodman creates between himself and Faith is one that is unresponsive , and is based on distrust and a willingness on his part to abandon her.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consequently, as far as passion and desire are concerned, someone quickly call Dr. Ruth because this marriage is in trouble.   After Faith asks Goodman not to depart that night, pleading, "pray tarry with me this night, dear husband, of all nights in the year", he answers her saying , "my journey must be done."   He then questions the sincerity of her "peculiar" plea asking whether she doubts him.   Since when is it such a farfetched request for a wife to ask her husband for company on a given night?   Does this request signify a lack of trust in her husband?   If anything, it illustrates a lack of self confidence in himself as well as a lack of trust in her.   In addition, after departing his wife, Goodman Brown states to the mysterious man he meets in the forest, that "Faith kept [him] back awhile."   This means that although both his wife, Faith, and his own faith delay him, they cannot stop him and thus aren't more important than committing this deed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, there is no evidence of his trust for her in the marriage.   Immediately after witnessing a pink ribbon fluttering down onto the branch of a tree, Young Goodman Brown cries out, " my Faith is gone!" By this statement, Goodman means that his wife has physically gone over to the devil and that his faith in her is gone.   This, thereby proves the absence of trust in his wife.   When he does see Faith in the forest, he yells to her to resist the devil, but is unsure of her ultmate decision. Therefore, upon his return to town, Hawthorne writes after that night, he "shrank from the bosom of Faith.

The Management Of Chronic Prostatitis Health And Social Care Essay

A sum of 124 patients with chronic prostatitis were followed in urogenital medicine clinic at Prince Rashid Military Hospital from January 2006 to process 2010. Merely 98 patients completed the survey and were divided into two groups ; group A managed with ?-blockers and group B with placebo.ConsequencesThere was same response rate in both groups, with 48.7 % lessening of at least 4 points in their entire NIH-CPSI mark from base line to 6 hebdomads.DecisionWe found that ?-blockers are non helpful in the direction of chronic prostatitis. ( Rawal Med J 2011 ; 36:294-296 ) .Key wordsProstatitis, alpha blockers,IntroductionProstatitis is considered to be one of the common causes of visit to urology clinic. It accounts for 3-8 % of out patients visit to urology clinics in North America and Europe.1-3 It is classified into four subtypes harmonizing to National Institution of Health ( NIH ) : Type I: acute bacterial prostatitis, Type II: chronic bacterial prostatitis, Type III: chronic pros tatitis, chronic pelvic hurting syndrome ( CPCPPS ) , which is the commonest type, and Type IV: symptomless inflammatory prostatitis.4-6 ?-Blockers have been used to handle the symptoms of chronic prostatitis every bit good as benign prostate hyperplasia by virtuousness of their consequence on the musculuss of prostate and vesica neck.6 These are one of three commonest prescribed medical specialties by urologists for chronic prostatitis i.e antibiotics, alpha blockers and anti inflammatory drugs.7 The purpose of this survey was to measure the function of ?-blockers in intervention of chronic prostatitis.Patients AND METHODSA sum of 124 patients of chronic prostatitis were followed in urogenital medicine clinic at Prince Rashid Military Hospital between January 2006 and March 2010. Merely 98 patients completed the survey. We divided the patients into two groups ; group A ( 49 patients ) managed with ?-blocker Doxazosin 4mg one time day-to-day and group B ( 49 patients ) used placebo. The period of the survey lasted for 6 hebdomads. We used the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( NIH-CPSI ) 4 to mensurate the betterment of our patients. NIH-CPSI takes into history hurting symptoms, urinary symptoms and impact on quality of life, with a entire mark of ( 0-43 ) . We measured the mark for our patients before and after intervention. Patients were classified as respondents if there was 4 points or more betterment and non respondents if less than 4 points were achieved. In both groups, patients ages are symmetrical ( 27-45years ) ,ConsequenceOf 124 patients, 26 patients did non complete with the survey, merely 98 patients did. The ages of patients range from 27 twelvemonth to 45 old ages ( average 39 old ages ) . All patients were married. 48.7 % work forces on alpha blocker showed a lessening of at least 4 points in their entire NIH-CPSI mark at 6 hebdomads. There was about same rate of response in patients on placebo. At planetary response, we did non happen any important difference ( p=0.7 ) or alterations over clip in the secondary result between the two groups, ( 32.4 % vs33.6 % ) .DiscussionChronic prostatitis patients experience a hard and worse quality of life than patients enduring from benign prostate hyperplasia or even most of patients with prostatic cancer.5 ?- Blockers are considered to be an of import mode of intervention of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic hurting syndrome, as several surveies have shown that they improve symptoms of chronic prostatitis and diminish the hazard of urine retention.8-10 Cheah et al did a randomized survey on 86 patients with chronic prostatitis utilizing ?- blockers and placebo, and reported important response with 50 % decrease in the mean symptoms score compared to 37 % in placebo.8 A 65 % betterment of symptoms in comparing with merely 42 % with placebo,9 and 52 % response with ?- blockers compared with 33 % with placebo have been reported.10 On the contrary, no important response with ?- blockers in chronic prostatitis was obtained by Alexander et Al who did a big multicenter randomized test of intervention on patients with CPCPPS in two groups, one with Cipro and ?-blockers, other group with placebo. They found no difference among these drugs, either glandular fever or multi therapy intervention of CPCPPS.11DecisionIn our survey, our findings did non back up usage of ?-blockers, in handling chronic prostatitis. Correspondence: Awad B Al-kaabneh. Electronic mail: awadalkaabneh @ gmail.com Received: April 07, 2011 Accepted: September 26, 2011Table 1. NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( NIH-CPSI )Pain or Discomfort1. In the last hebdomad, have you experienced any hurting or uncomfortableness in the following countries? Yes No a. Area between rectum and 1 0 testiss ( perineum ) b. Testicles 1 0 c. Tip of the phallus ( non related to 1 0 micturition ) d. Below your waist, in your 1 0 pubic or bladder country 2. In the last hebdomad, have you experienced: Yes No a. Pain or combustion during 1 0 micturition? B. Pain or uncomfortableness during or 1 0 after sexual flood tide ( interjection ) ? 3. How frequently have you had hurting or uncomfortableness in any of these countries over the last hebdomad? 0 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Normally 5 Always 4. Which figure best describes your Average hurting or uncomfortableness on the yearss that you had it, over the last hebdomad? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No hurting Pain bad as you can conceive ofMicturition5. How frequently have you had a esthesis of non emptying your vesica wholly after you finished urinating, over the last hebdomad? 0 Not at all 1 Less than 1 clip in 5 2 Less than half the clip 3 About half the clip 4 More than half the clip 5 Almost ever 6. How frequently have you had to urinate once more less than two hours after you finished urinating, over the last hebdomad? 0 Not at all 1 Less than 1 clip in 5 2 Less than half the clip 3 About half the clip 4 More than half the clip 5 Almost everImpact of Symptoms7. How much hold your symptoms kept you from making the sorts of things you would normally make, over the last hebdomad? 0 None 1 Merely a small 2 Some 3 A batch 8. How much did you believe about your symptoms, over the last hebdomad? 0 None 1 Merely a small 2 Some 3 A batchQuality of Life9. If you were to pass the remainder of your life with your symptoms merely the manner they have been during the last hebdomad, how would you experience about that? 0 Delighted 1 Pleased 2 Largely satisfied 3 Mixed ( about every bit satisfied and dissatisfied ) 4 Largely disgruntled 5 Unhappy 6 AwfulScoring the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index DomainsPain: Sum of points 1a, 1b, 1c,1d, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 = Urinary Symptoms: Sum of points 5 and 6 = Quality of Life Impact: Sum of I

Deception Point Page 69

â€Å"I'll come to your office.† â€Å"No,† she said hurriedly. â€Å"It's late. Your presence here would raise concerns. I'd prefer to keep this matter between us.† Pickering read between the lines. The President knows nothing about this. â€Å"You're welcome to come here,† he said. Tench sounded distrusting. â€Å"Let's meet somewhere discreet.† Pickering had expected as much. â€Å"The FDR Memorial is convenient to the White House,† Tench said. â€Å"It will be empty at this time of night.† Pickering considered it. The FDR Memorial sat midway between the Jefferson and Lincoln memorials, in an extremely safe part of town. After a long beat, Pickering agreed. â€Å"One hour,† Tench said, signing off. â€Å"And come alone.† Immediately upon hanging up, Marjorie Tench phoned NASA administrator Ekstrom. Her voice was tight as she relayed the bad news. â€Å"Pickering could be a problem.† 81 Gabrielle Ashe was brimming with new hope as she stood at Yolanda Cole's desk in the ABC production room and dialed directory assistance. The allegations Sexton had just conveyed to her, if confirmed, had shocking potential. NASA lied about PODS? Gabrielle had seen the press conference in question and recalled thinking it was odd, and yet she'd forgotten all about it; PODS was not a critical issue a few weeks ago. Tonight, however, PODS had become the issue. Now Sexton needed inside information, and he needed it fast. He was relying on Gabrielle's â€Å"informant† to get the information. Gabrielle had assured the senator she would do her best. The problem, of course, was that her informant was Marjorie Tench, who would be no help at all. So Gabrielle would have to get the information another way. â€Å"Directory assistance,† the voice on the phone said. Gabrielle told them what she needed. The operator came back with three listings for a Chris Harper in Washington. Gabrielle tried them all. The first number was a law firm. The second had no answer. The third was now ringing. A woman answered on the first ring. â€Å"Harper residence.† â€Å"Mrs. Harper?† Gabrielle said as politely as possible. â€Å"I hope I haven't woken you?† â€Å"Heavens no! I don't think anyone's asleep tonight.† She sounded excited. Gabrielle could hear the television in the background. Meteorite coverage. â€Å"You're calling for Chris, I assume?† Gabrielle's pulse quickened. â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† â€Å"I'm afraid Chris isn't here. He raced off to work as soon as the President's address was over.† The woman chuckled to herself. â€Å"Of course, I doubt there's any work going on. Most likely a party. The announcement came as quite a surprise to him, you know. To everyone. Our phone's been ringing all night. I bet the whole NASA crew's over there by now.† â€Å"E Street complex?† Gabrielle asked, assuming the woman meant NASA headquarters. â€Å"Righto. Take a party hat.† â€Å"Thanks. I'll track him down over there.† Gabrielle hung up. She hurried out onto the production room floor and found Yolanda, who was just finishing prepping a group of space experts who were about to give enthusiastic commentary on the meteorite. Yolanda smiled when she saw Gabrielle coming. â€Å"You look better,† she said. â€Å"Starting to see the silver lining here?† â€Å"I just talked to the senator. His meeting tonight wasn't what I thought.† â€Å"I told you Tench was playing you. How's the senator taking the meteorite news?† â€Å"Better than expected.† Yolanda looked surprised. â€Å"I figured he'd jumped in front of a bus by now.† â€Å"He thinks there may be a snag in the NASA data.† Yolanda let out a dubious snort. â€Å"Did he see the same press conference I just saw? How much more confirmation and reconfirmation can anyone need?† â€Å"I'm going over to NASA to check on something.† Yolanda's penciled eyebrows raised in cautionary arches. â€Å"Senator Sexton's right-hand aide is going to march into NASA headquarters? Tonight? Can you say ‘public stoning'?† Gabrielle told Yolanda about Sexton's suspicion that the PODS section manager Chris Harper had lied about fixing the anomaly software. Yolanda clearly wasn't buying it. â€Å"We covered that press conference, Gabs, and I'll admit, Harper was not himself that night, but NASA said he was sick as a dog.† â€Å"Senator Sexton is convinced he lied. Others are convinced too. Powerful people.† â€Å"If the PODS anomaly-detection software wasn't fixed, how did PODS spot the meteorite?† Sexton's point exactly, Gabrielle thought. â€Å"I don't know. But the senator wants me to get him some answers.† Yolanda shook her head. â€Å"Sexton is sending you into a hornet's nest on a desperate pipe dream. Don't go. You don't owe him a thing.† â€Å"I totally screwed up his campaign.† â€Å"Rotten luck screwed up his campaign.† â€Å"But if the senator is right and the PODS section manager actually lied-â€Å" â€Å"Honey, if the PODS section manager lied to the world, what makes you think he'll tell you the truth.† Gabrielle had considered that and was already formulating her plan. â€Å"If I find a story over there, I'll call you.† Yolanda gave a skeptical laugh. â€Å"If you find a story over there, I'll eat my hat.† 82 Erase everything you know about this rock sample. Michael Tolland had been struggling with his own disquieting ruminations about the meteorite, but now, with Rachel's probing questions, he was feeling an added unease over the issue. He looked down at the rock slice in his hand. Pretend someone handed it to you with no explanation of where it was found or what it is. What would your analysis be? Rachel's question, Tolland knew, was loaded, and yet as an analytical exercise, it proved powerful. By discarding all the data he had been given on his arrival at the habisphere, Tolland had to admit that his analysis of the fossils was profoundly biased by a singular premise-that the rock in which the fossils were found was a meteorite. What if I had NOT been told about the meteorite? he asked himself. Although still unable to fathom any other explanation, Tolland allowed himself the leeway of hypothetically removing â€Å"the meteorite† as a pre-supposition, and when he did, the results were somewhat unsettling. Now Tolland and Rachel, joined by a groggy Corky Marlinson, were discussing the ideas. â€Å"So,† Rachel repeated, her voice intense, â€Å"Mike, you're saying that if someone handed you this fossilized rock with no explanation whatsoever, you would have to conclude it was from earth.† â€Å"Of course,† Tolland replied. â€Å"What else could I conclude? It's a far greater leap to assert you've found extraterrestrial life than it is to assert you've found a fossil of some previously undiscovered terrestrial species. Scientists discover dozens of new species every year.† â€Å"Two-foot-long lice?† Corky demanded, sounding incredulous. â€Å"You would assume a bug that big is from earth?† â€Å"Not now, maybe,† Tolland replied, â€Å"but the species doesn't necessarily have to be currently living. It's a fossil. It's 170 million years old. About the same age as our Jurassic. A lot of prehistoric fossils are oversized creatures that look shocking when we discover their fossilized remains-enormous winged reptiles, dinosaurs, birds.† â€Å"Not to be the physicist here, Mike,† Corky said, â€Å"but there's a serious flaw in your argument. The prehistoric creatures you just named-dinosaurs, reptiles, birds-they all have internal skeletons, which gives them the capability to grow to large sizes despite the earth's gravity. But this fossil†¦ † He took the sample and held it up. â€Å"These guys have exo skeletons. They're arthropods. Bugs. You yourself said that any bug this big could only have evolved in a low-gravity environment. Otherwise its outer skeleton would have collapsed under its own weight.†

Violent crime today essays

Violent crime today essays Crime exist today in many areas of modern life. Within modern life, however, modern interpretation and execution of the law is present. Many theories of how criminal behavior should be handled have come about concerning violent crimes. The realm of crime encompasses both the social satisfaction or symbolism of crime, and the political view towards punishment. Punishing these offenders of crime can be taken into hands of courts and judges, or set statements and pre determined executions. These areas both give a criminologist many great ideas on how crime can be handled and how society will react to punishment. The article gave many views on how crime is something of a political battle. People today are in fear of becoming victims of crime and wish to see actions taken to limit the possibility of it occurring. Politics deal with satisfying the needs of the public by acting on the issues. Crime is a factor of everyday life that people today want to see dealt with. The article referred to a motion picture called Network that stated the slogan mad as hell and not gonna take this anymore. Many people of society adhere to this slogan and show their anger towards offenders and wish to see action taken to prosecute them. It is believed that strict punishments can lead to people becoming afraid of criminal activity and diverted them away. This can be seen in nineteen ninety four and nineteen ninety eight when the crime rates of juveniles showed the greatest amount of decrease. This symbolism of crime on paper tended to show the juveniles that the crimes they were going to commit would adh ere to a strict penalty. Within societies symbolism is believed to be the most important symbol of penal legislation. By taking a policy of tough prosecution of criminals, it was believed that the fear would be instilled in them of punishment. This was seen in California in nineteen ninety four with the thre...

African-American Vernacular English vs Standard English in Mule Bone

African-American Vernacular English vs Standard English in 'Mule Bone' The Negros universal mimicry is not so much a thing in itself as an evidence of something that permeates his entire self. And that thing is drama. (Hurston, 830) In her own words, Hurston captures the gritty picture she paints in the highly disputed early 20th century drama, Mule Bone, co-written by fellow Harlem renaissance icon Langston Hughes. Mule Bone is set in a fictionalized version of Hurstons hometown, an all black community in Eatonville, Florida where she spent the early years of her teen life living with her father following her mothers death. Hurstons earliest memoirs indicate that the Eatonville of her childhood, much like the Eatonville of the stage, had two churches and no jail. Based on the short story A Bone of Contention which Hurston penned in 1929, Mule Bone draws heavily from Hurstons anthropological work which she compiled from visits to all black communities in the southern United States. Hughes and Hurston collaboratively worked A Bone of Contention into a ru nning dialogue set for the stage, however; this project would eventually tear the two authors apart after discrepancies in the text became insurmountable. As a piece of social criticism, Mule Bone is much like other comedies, however; the high level of diction stemming from what linguistic scholars have recently named African-American vernacular English (AAVE) set a new standard in realism for African-Americans on stage. Standard English (SE) has been studied in volume after volume of deep structure analysis and lexical origins, only recently has AAVE received the same attention in the form of through analysis that SE has enjoyed for years. Researchers have found the main differences between AAVE and SE lie in subtle rule changes. Where AAVE allows for consonant cluster reduction, the absence of the copula, invariant or habitual forms of to be, time reference markers, and multiple negation (Mufwene, 1) SE does not have such allowances. So much of Hurstons voice relies on the accurate portrayal of AAVE. A voice which Holloway describes as recursive; it begins, it names, it activates, it calls us back to a primal ground. (Holloway, 113) Hurston was striving to write a dialogue which, until this point, had been poorly recorded and often stereotyped African-Americans as dim-witted, primitive and wild. In her highly acclaimed anthropological essay Characteristics of Negro Expression, Hurston sums up the realization of a pure black dialect and comments on the unnatural dialogue credited to the Negro so far: If we are to believe the majority of the writers of Negro dialect and the burnt-cork artists, Negro speech is a weird thing, full of ams and Ises. Fortunately we dont have to believe them. We may go directly to the Negro and let him speak for himself. (Hurston, 845-846) Dialect is a term linguists struggle to define as one cannot set firm boundaries around a shapeless, often regional form of speech. Tracing history and the introduction of Africans to America, researchers have roughly sketched out the origins of what is now covered by the umbrella label AAVE. Originally Pidgin French (later known as Creole) and Pidgin English were derived from Portuguese. These languages were spread to West Africa, and the first African-Asian trade involving the west Pacific, including India, China, and later Hawaii, brought the seeds of African-American English all across the globe. Charles S. Johnson, a prominent scholar of African-American English surmised that Negro dialect turns out to be a repository for the seventeenth century speech of the first English colonizers, (Dillard, 39) this theory, along with others that rely on berating African-American culture as the white mans castoff, fell by the wayside as more scientific research was done on the structure of A AVE; revealing the blending of both native tongues and new forms of Pidgin English as the origins of African-American English in the United States. Deeply seeded in the Portuguese origins from which AAVE seems to have stemmed is the fundamental difference most noticeable to most SE speakers. Dillard examines a sentence such as: An so I comin down an she out there blabbin her mouth told my sister I was playin hookey from school. In which, he explains, there are no lexical anomalies from SE, nor any alien forms, although sometimes usage is casual and illiterate, it follows many of the same conventions as does SE. (Dillard, 40) However, it is the syntactical analysis of AAVE that reveals the most information. Dillard points out that an obligatory category in SE: verb tense, can be ignored in what he refers to as, Black English. While it is interesting to peruse these volumes of thoroughly dissected AAVE, it is important to remember Hurston and Hughes goal in penning Mule Bone; the accurate portrayal of the language of life in a racially un-oppressed southern black community. Hurston failed to capture the elusive dialect in perfect written form, insofar as researchers are concerned, as often she substitutes more readily recognizable structures in place of the hard to read, more accurate written compositions, which she could have transcribed from tapes gathered during her anthropological studies. None the less, Hurston and Hughes managed to convey the sounds of AAVE, its subtle inflections and outlandish expressions, which in consideration of the theatrical backdrop Mule Bone enjoyed, remains of higher importance than their choice of spelling. Hughes seems to have played a lesser role in designating the reality of dialogue in Mule Bone as critics have commented on other literary work he published as stale, flat, and spiritless. (Redding, 73) Further examination of his literary track record reveals that as Hughes matured and evolved as a human being, so did his writing. One critics nostalgic view of Hughes reveals the disgust within a literary niche in response to his stronghold on his roots. While Hughess rejection of his own growth shows an admirable loyalty to his self-commitment as the poet of the simple, Negro common-folk the peasant, the laborer, the city slum-dweller, it does a disservice to his art. (Redding, 74) This diehard image of the common black man is the cornerstone of the Mule Bone community, and an important role Hughes facilitated transcribing A Bone of Contention into a feasible piece of dramatic text. Within Mule Bone, concrete examples of Hurston and Hughess regionalized diction are plenteous, the play is written strictly in dialect. Breaking these forms of speech into appropriate categories is essential in an analysis of the text. Hurston reveals in Characteristics of Negro Expression, that the most basic language is one which relies on comparisons, rather than extensive descriptions to elaborate meaning. She supposes the inherent ease of parallelisms as the natural form from which all other descriptive speech is derived. And in doing so, Hurston recognizes African-Americans as the contributors of broad, often natural similes and metaphors, the double descriptive (such as high-tall, little-tee-ninchy, kill-dead), and verbal nouns (such as funeralize, puts the shamery on him, and uglying away) to the English language. (Hurston, 832-833) Mule Bone is packed full of these elements, a few examples of the co-authors awareness to the vivid language associated with similes are as follows: Id beat her till she smell like onions. (Bass, 52) Id stomp her till she rope like okra. (Bass, 52) Id romp her till she slack like lime. (Bass, 52) The first example is self explanatory, however the second and third are a bit more elusive in their meaning. Okra is a non-native English word introduced by African-Americans, one of the dozen or so words researchers formally recognize as African in origin, and refers to a particular kind of vegetable. The meaning is derived from the strings of gooey sap exuded by cooked okra when its eaten. Hurstons simile paints the picture of a beating so severe; one might be left oozing blood. Slack like lime is a term which has apparently fallen by the wayside, as no formal explanation seems to exist. Smell like a nest of yellowhammers was another elusive term, yellowhammers are a type of bird, however; there is little to no evidence that shows any connection between the two. The characters within Mule Bone relate everything to a grounded understanding of their world. Every description involves something physical; a tangible piece of their surroundings that fundamentally represents the implied meaning. As an example, in the opening lines, Hambo retorts that his baldness doesnt matter because he dont want nothin-not even hair-between (he) and God. (Bass, 49) The description of old Brazzles mule lends itself nicely as an example of the physical aspect of everyday speech. He was so skinny you could do a weeks washing on his ribs for a washboard and hang em up on his hip-bones to dry. (Bass, 53) Or, Clarkes description of Daisy a great big mangoa sweet smell, you know, with a strong flavor, but not something you could mash up like a strawberry. Something with a body to it. (Bass, 60) Several languages of West Africa denote the creation of man to a God beating a drum; the shockwaves of each beat resonating throughout mankind. This kind of primal being, a connection with the physical universe, comes to life as Hurston examines this feeling as related to African-American dance, she says: The performer flexes one knee sharply, assumes a ferocious face mask, thrusts the upper part of the body forward with clenched fists, elbows taut as in hard running or grasping a thrusting blade. That is all. Bit the spectator himself adds the picture of ferocious assault, hears the drums and finds himself keeping time with the music and tensing himself for the struggle. It is compelling insinuation. (Hurston, 835) This to Hurston is the embodiment of drama. Fundamentally, Hurston feels as though African-Americans are drama. She feels as though each aspect of the Negro life is dramatized, lifted above the mundane, and enacted, not lived. In conclusion, studying the development of AAVE in conjunction with the changing social atmosphere of the Harlem renaissance and the conversion of Hurstons short story to a dramatic work, has greatly increased the significance of the text as a piece of self-proclamation for the African-American in the early 20th century. The combination of Hurstons anthropological experience and Hughess steadfast hold on his culture reaches new heights in the realization of a true to life representation of African-American life. Place was important to Zora Neale Hurston-she would spend most of her adult life in search of a place she could claim as her own-one that would support, with fervor equal to hers, her cultural nationalism, that would respect the legacies represented in the voices that she recorded-voices that evidenced the traditions of the world. (Holloway, 113) Holloway touches upon an important conclusion one comes to in viewing Mule Bone as a text among many others. Hurston and Hughes strove to find a place among the Zekes of The Octoroon and the Jupiters of Poes The Gold Bug, and succeeded wildly. The dialect of each character in Mule Bone lends itself to the subtle twisting and careful crafting applied by the co-authors. In a way, Hurston and Hughes celebrate themselves in the colorful use of dialect. To close, Holloway sums up the atmosphere one gets a feel for with this use of dialect, she says, (it) speaks of the primacy of the word, the instrumentation of literary talent and the metaphorical adornment of a culture that recaptures myth on its tongue and uses the adornment to represent itself as black. (Holloway, 115) Works Cited Bass, George Hurston, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston: Mule Bone: A comedy of Negro Life. New York: Perennial, 1991. Dillard, J.L.. Black English: Its History and Usage in the United States. New York: Random House, 1972. Holloway, Karla F.C., ed. The Character of the Word: The Texts of Zora Neale Hurston. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Hurston, Zora Neale. Characteristics of Negro Expression. Wall, Cheryl A., comp. Zora Neale Hurston: Folklore, memoirs, and other writings. New York: The Library of America, 1995. Mufwene, Salikoko S., John R. Rickford, Guy Bailey, John Baugh, eds. African-American English: Structure, history and use. London: Routledge, 1998. Redding, Saunders. Old Forms, New Rhythms, New Words. Mullen, Edward J., comp. Critical Essays on Langston Hughes. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1986.

Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient Assignment

Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient - Assignment Example The assignment "Nutrition Recommendation of a Caregiver to the Patient" presents the overview of the responsibilities of a caregiver and how he can provide total attention to the patient. There should be a friendly rapport between the two parties, the patient and the caregiver for the best results towards nutrition process from the patient. The caregiver should dictate the feeding program. Legume foods, fish or poultry, are also good for the patient, and, therefore, the caregiver has to include in the nutrition schedule. Fruits should come either before or after every meal under ordinary circumstances. Above it all, the caregiver should provide enough water for every meal because water is obviously a solvent to every ingested food. The patient to have a recommendation of five or more cups of water from the caregiver to maximize digestion. In boosting appetite for food, the caregiver should introduce the patient to the multivitamin injections or drugs canceling. These drugs give the patient a self-drive towards meals. It is necessary for the caregiver to involve the patient in a daily less strenuous exercise to enhance digestion and also vitamin D synthesis. Let the patient’s weight records be taken progressively through the nutritional period to gauge the health standards of the patient. The caregiver should also encourage the patient to get involved in reading journals to avoid stress. Let the patient consider her health status. The entire family has to be informed about the necessity of frequent medical consultation.